Insurance contract and protection of travellers against insolvency of package travel organisers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71159/bizinfo250018MKeywords:
insurance , contract , travel, guaranteeAbstract
Tourism is accompanied by numerous risks which could cause damage not only to travellers, but also to other persons who are directly or indirectly involved in tourism activities. The efficient way to reduce the risk is to transfer the risk to the other party by entering into an insurance agreement. There are different types of insurance in tourism, such as: travel insurance, tour operator liability insurance, public liability insurance, professional indemnity insurance, travel guarantee insurance. The article will provide a comprehensive overview of the concept, constitutive elements and types of insurance contract as well as legal analysis of the specific rules related to travel guarantee and protection of travellers against insolvency of package travel organisers. The aim of the article is to make an overview and assessment of the relevant insurance law rules and consumer protection law rules de lege lata and de lege ferenda, with the particular reference to the rules adopted at the national and EU level, including the on-going revision of the Package Travel Directive 2015/2302/EU.
Downloads
References
ABTA. (2024, March). Package Travel Legislation: Updating the framework: ABTA’s Call for Evidence Submission. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3458270_en
Adigital. (2024, March). Position Paper Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2015/2302 to make the protection of travellers more effective and to simplify and clarify certain aspects of the Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3457489_en
ANWB. (2024, March). Position paper on Proposal for a revised package travel directive revision of passenger rights regulations. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3458325_en
Apan, R. D., & Miff, A. (2018). Guaranteeing the Tourist Against the Insolvency of the Organizing Travel Agency: Quo Vadis?, Fiat Iustitia, 12(2), 7-22.
Arini, D. G. D., Sudibya, D. G., & Sancaya, I. W. W. (2018, November). Insurance as a form of tourism protection. In International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2018) (pp. 36-40). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icblt-18.2018.9
Bakalo, N., & Makhovka, V. (2024). Problems and perspective of developing insurance in the international tourism business. Development Management, 23(3), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.57111/devt/3.2024.08
Bareša, S., Prebalič, V., & Tatalović, S. (2023). Safety and destination choice in a post-pandemic period: A study of Opatija Riviera. BizInfo Blace, 14(1), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo2301093B
Benavides Velasco, P. (2020). Effectiveness and scope of insolvency protection. In Torres, C., Melgosa, F., Jégouzo, L., Franceschelli, V., Morandi, F., & Torchia, F. (Eds.). Collective Commentary about the new Package Travel Directive (pp. 383-411). Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies.
BEUC. (2024, March). Proposal for a Revised Package Travel Directive: A first step to guarantee robust consumer protection. https://www.beuc.eu/sites/default/files/publications/BEUC-X-2024-026_Package_Travel_Directive_Proposal.pdf
EUR-Lex. (2024) CJEU judgment of 29 Jul. 2024 in joined cases C771/22 – HDI Global and C45/23 - MS Amlin Insurance. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/CASE/?uri=CELEX:62022CJ0771
Council of the European Union. (2024). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2015/2302 to make the protection of travellers more effective and to simplify and clarify certain aspects of the Directive (2023/0435(COD)). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0905
Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council on package travel and linked travel arrangements, amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 90/314/EEC, OJ L 326, 11.12.2015, p. 1–33. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2015/2302/oj/eng
Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on services in the internal market, OJ L 376, 27.12.2006., 36–68. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/123/oj/eng
Dolniak, P. (2018). Claims of Travel Agents in Case of Insolvency of the Organizer of Tourism in the Light of EU Directives, European Journal of Service Management, 27/1(3), 63-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ejsm.2018.27/1-08
ECTAA. (2024, March). Revision of the Package Travel Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3458334_en
European Commission. (2023). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2015/2302 to make the protection of travellers more effective and to simplify and clarify certain aspects of the Directive, COM/2023/905 final (PTD Proposal, 2023). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0905
European Commission (2021). Report from the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council on package travel and linked travel arrangements - COM/2021/90 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52021DC0090
European Commission (2020). Recommendation on vouchers offered to passengers and travellers as an alternative to reimbursement for cancelled package travel and transport services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Brussels, C(2020) 3125 final. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2020/648/oj
European Passengers Federation. (2023, December). Proposal for the Revision of the Package Travel Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3457534_en
Expedia Group. (2024). Feedback on the review of the Package Travel Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3457409_en
Faure, M. G., & Weber, F. (2013). Security mechanisms for insolvencies in the package travel sector: an economic analysis. Journal of Consumer Policy, 36(4), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-0139222-4
Grant, D., Mason, S., & Bunce, S. (2018). Holiday Law: The law relating to travel and tourism (6th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.
Gorenc, V., & Šmid, V. (1999). Poslovno pravo u turizmu i ugostiteljstvu. Školska knjiga.
Hosain, M. S., & Rasel, M. (2020). The global economic impact of COVID-19: Three possible scenarios. BizInfo Blace, 11(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo2001031H
IFTTA (2024, March). Feedback to the Revision of the Package Travel Directive (PTD). https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3458508_en
Insurance Europe (2025, February). EU Package Travel Directive must ‘strike the right balance’. https://insuranceeurope.eu/news/3298/eu-package-travel-directive-must-strike-the-right-balance
Kapor, V., & Carić, S. (1993). Ugovori robnog prometa. Centar za privredni consulting.
Konstantinović, M. (1969). Obligacije i ugovori, Skica za zakonik o obligacijama i ugovorima. Beograd: Pravni fakultet.
Mićović, A. (2024). Safeguarding Procedural Rights of International Tourists. In Melgosa, F. J., Gómez, A., Jégouzo, L. (Eds.), El Código Internacional para la protección de los turistas (pp. 677-709). Ed. Aranzadi.
Mićović, A. (2022). Tourism Law in Serbia. In Torres, C., Melgosa, F., Jégouzo, L., Franceschelli, V., Morandi, F. (Eds.). Tourism Law in Europe (pp. 607-625). Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies.
Nordic Travel Trade Associations. (2024, March). Feedback - Package travel – review of EU rules. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3458212_en
Perović, S., & Stojanović, D. (1980). Komentar Zakona o obligacionim odnosima, knjiga II. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu i Kulturni centar.
Pravilnik o vrsti, visini i uslovima garancije putovanja, visini depozita u zavisnosti od kategorije licence, načinu aktiviranja, nameni sredstava, kao i o drugim uslovima koje mora da ispuni organizator putovanja [Rulebook on the type, amount and conditions of the travel guarantee, deposit amount depending on the license category, the manner of activation, the purpose of the funds, as well as other conditions to be met by travel organizers], Sl. glasnik RS, br. 88/23. https://www.paragraf.rs/propisi/pravilnik-o-vrsti-visini-i-uslovima-garancije-putovanja-visini-depozita-u-zavisnosti-od-kategorije.html
Prednacrt Građanskog zakonika Republike Srbije [Preliminary Draft of the Serbian Civil Code], 29/05/2015. https://www.paragraf.rs/nacrti_i_predlozi/280519-prednacrt-gradjanskog-zakonika-republike-srbije.html
Salaj, T. (2006). Pojam, pravna priroda i dejstva ugovora o osiguranju. Pravo - teorija i praksa, 23(7-8), 32-50.
Sava C., & Iordan D-M. (2019). How insurance works in tourism. Quaestus Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 14, 253-268.
Superior Council of Independants and SMEs. (2024, February). Opinion on the European consultation on a proposal amending Directive 2015/2302 in order to increase efficiency protection of travellers and simplification and clarification of certain aspects of the Directive. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3455559_en
TUI Group. (2024, March). Preliminary Position on the Package Travel Directive Revision. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13117-Package-travel-review-of-EU-rules/F3458384_en
Udruženje turističkih agencija Srbije [Association of Serbian Travel Agencies] – UTAS. (2021). Predlog za osiguranje putnika od insolventnosti i štete po principu izdavanja individualnih polisa osiguranja. https://utas.co.rs/predlog-za-osiguranje-putnika-od-insolvetnosti-i-stete-po-principu-izdavanja-individualnih-polisa-osiguranja/
Vasiljević, M. (2012). Trgovinsko pravo. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. Centar za publikacije.
Vector Nordic AB. (2019, April). Insurance Conditions, Travel Guarantee Insurance. https://www.vectornordic.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/General-insurance-terms-EN.pdf
Velimirović, M. (2000). Poslovno pravo. Štamparija Obod.
Vitez, M. (2008). Pojam i pravna priroda ugovora o osiguranju, Pravni Život, 57(11), 873–889.
World Tourism Organization. (1996). Tourist Safety and Security: Practical Measures for Destinations. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284401529
Wukoschitz, M. (2025). The New Passenger Mobility Package – Highlights and Low Points. International Journal of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Law (IJTTHL) (pre-print). https://files.tourismlaw.pt/The-New-Passenger-Mobility-Package-by-Michael-Wukoschitz/II/
Wukoschitz, M. (2025a). Insolvency protection for package holidays – development, CJEU case law and the new Commission proposal. ERA Forum 26, 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-025-00835-x
Zakon o obligacionim odnosima [Law on Obligations – LO]. Sl. list SFRJ, br. 29/1978, 39/1985, 45/1989 – УСЈ, 57/1989. Sl. list SRJ, br. 31/1993, Sl. glasnik RS, РС, br. 18/2020. https://www.paragraf.rs/propisi/zakon_o_obligacionim_odnosima.html
Zakon o turizmu [Law on Tourism]. Sl. glasnik RS, br. 17/19. https://www.paragraf.rs/propisi/zakon_o_turizmu.html
Zakon o zaštiti potrošača [Consumer Protection Act]. Sl. glasnik RS, br. 88/2021. https://www.paragraf.rs/propisi/zakon_o_zastiti_potrosaca.html
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 BizInfo Blace
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
